© 2018 Academic Conferences Limited. Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are an important and growing `third' sector. They possess certain distinguishing characteristics which must be considered when seeking to apply management research. While the idea of knowledge management has currency, there is a need to operationalised and embed key concepts in these organisations. A particular issue for NGOs is securing donor funding, typically requiring a good track-record of service delivery. These factors have made it difficult for NGOs to identify how well they are progressing with knowledge management initiatives as well as providing some support for each other on common problems. This research reports on a workshop facilitated by the authors that brought 25 representatives from 8 NGOs together to discuss knowledge management in their organisations, focusing on themes around key challenges and areas for investment identified.