Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used and recommended in the treatment of acute and chronic soft tissue injury. Despite some benefits in reducing inflammation and pain, these drugs can also have adverse side-effects, as well as potentially harmful effects on the rate and quality of tissue healing. The aim of this narrative review is to outline the purported effects of NSAIDs when used in the treatment of acute and chronic musculoskeletal conditions. A secondary aim of this manuscript was to illicit information about physiotherapist¿s knowledge of and opinions on the use of NSAIDs for acute and chronic musculoskeletal conditions. © 2011 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.