© 2018 selection and editorial matter, Robert Taylor and Jacques Jaussaud. Despite rising protectionist trends since the global financial crisis (GFC) (see for example Uprasen and Andreosso-O¿Callaghan, 2009) and the non-acceptance of the `Market Economy Status¿ given to China by the EU authorities in 2016, trade between China and the EU has continued on its ascending path. EUROSTAT figures show that the increasing level of economic integration through trade between the two partner countries has only been slightly put to question by the GFC. Of specific importance in terms of economic sustainability is the viability of the agricultural sector in both cases. Very few studies on the China-EU trade relationship have explored the relationship at the industrial or sectoral level, and in particular at the level of the agricultural or agri-food sector. Consequently, the objectives of this chapter are to offer a concise review of the relevant literature and to use a number of descriptive statistics to analyse the trade potential existing in the agricultural sector between the two trade partners at a refined statistical level of analysis (in Section 3). Before doing so, Section 2 will present the general (mostly trade) relationship between China and the EU. Some conclusions will be suggested in a final section.