Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced/epidemiology
Animals
Apoptosis/drug effects/physiology
Astrocytes/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure
Brain/metabolism
Chaperonins/physiology
Electron Transport/drug effects
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/physiology
Lipid Peroxidation
Mitochondria/drug effects/*physiology
Mitochondrial Membranes/drug effects/physiology
NF-kappa B/physiology
Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism/pathology
Oxidative Stress
Parkinsonian Disorders/chemically induced
Pesticides/toxicity
Rotenone/*toxicity
Superoxide Dismutase/physiology
Transcription Factors/physiology
Mitochondria are critical for cell survival and normal development, as they provide energy to the cell, buffer intracellular calcium, and regulate apoptosis. They are also major targets of oxidative stress, which causes bioenergetics failure in astrocytes through the activation of different mechanisms and production of oxidative molecules. This review provides an insightful overview of the recent discoveries and strategies for mitochondrial protection in astrocytes. We also discuss the importance of rotenone as an experimental approach for assessing oxidative stress in the brain and delineate some molecular strategies that enhance mitochondrial function in astrocytes as a promising strategy against brain damage.Mitochondria are critical for cell survival and normal development, as they provide energy to the cell, buffer intracellular calcium, and regulate apoptosis. They are also major targets of oxidative stress, which causes bioenergetics failure in astrocytes through the activation of different mechanisms and production of oxidative molecules. This review provides an insightful overview of the recent discoveries and strategies for mitochondrial protection in astrocytes. We also discuss the importance of rotenone as an experimental approach for assessing oxidative stress in the brain and delineate some molecular strategies that enhance mitochondrial function in astrocytes as a promising strategy against brain damage.