Copyright © 2003 IFAC. This paper presents a review of recent research efforts in the field of the application of neural and fuzzy networks in the control of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV). A classification for UUV control architectures using AI techniques is presented and consecutively used to categorise the approaches found in the literature. Several projects are discussed in detail and each control strategy is categorized as per the presented framework. Based on practical results from those projects, as reported in the literature, a cptalitative assessment regarding the performance of the control strategies is given. Their advantages and disadvantages are identified and discussed. Based on the authors7 observations, possible future trends are identified.